Colectomia eletiva laparoscópica esquerda para a doença diverticular: estudo monocêntrico sobre 205 pacientes consecutivos / Elective laparoscopic left colectomy for diverticular disease: a monocentric study on 205 consecutive patients

RACIONAL: O aumento da prevalência de doença diverticular tornou o seu manuseio mais adequado uma questão de debate constante. Especialmente para os casos de diverticulite, progresso considerável tem sido feito em termos de diagnóstico e tratamento. A ressecção cirúrgica do cólon envolvido é a única maneira de erradicar definitivamente essa condição e, portanto, a colectomia laparoscópica eletiva surgiu como uma opção segura e interessante entre as várias formas de tratamento. OBJETIVO: Analisar os resultados das colectomias laparoscópicas esquerdas para a doença diverticular realizadas durante um período de 17 anos em uma única instituição. MÉTODOS: Entre abril de 1990 e maio de 2007, um total de 205 colectomias consecutivas esquerdas laparoscópicas foram revistas retrospectivamente. Os dados obtidos incluíram o pré-operatório, indicações para a operação, os dados cirúrgicos, complicações e seguimento. Análises estatísticas univariada e multivariada foram realizadas em um esforço para identificar os fatores de risco e efeitos adversos na série. RESULTADOS: As indicações foram diverticulite aguda (80 por cento) não-complicada, diverticulite aguda ou crônica complicada (18,05 por cento) e sangramento na doença diverticular (1,95 por cento). A taxa de conversão foi de 5,85 por cento (12 casos). A mediana do tempo operatório foi de 180 minutos (100-420), com internação hospitalar de 7 (5-44) dias. O comprimento médio do espécime ressecado foi 29,12 centímetros. A maioria dos casos (88,3 por cento) teve curso pós-operatório normal, mas complicações ocorreram em 24 (11,7 por cento) pacientes. Em ordem de frequência foram: íleo paralítico (n = 6), coleções pélvica (n = 4), obstruções intestinais (n = 4) e fístulas (n = 2), entre outros. Re-operação foi necessária em oito casos e houve um óbito (0,48 por cento). O seguimento mediano foi de 26,5 (1-156) meses, com resultado satisfatório em 179 (87,32 por cento) dos pacientes. Em 18 (8,78 por cento) casos...

BACKGROUND: The increased prevalence of diverticular disease has made its most appropriate management a matter of constant debate. Especially for the cases of diverticulitis, considerable progress has been made in terms of diagnosis and management. The surgical resection of the involved colon is the only means of definitely eradicate this condition and so, the elective laparoscopic colectomy has emerged as a safe and interesting choice among the options of treatment. AIM: To analyze the outcomes of the laparoscopic left colectomy for diverticular disease performed over a 17-year period at a single institution. METHODS: Between April 1990 and May 2007, a total of 205 consecutive left laparoscopic colectomies were retrospectively reviewed. Data obtained included the pre-operative work-up, indications for surgery, operative results, complications and follow-up. Univariate and multivariate statistical analyzes were performed in an effort to identity risk factors for adverse outcomes in the series. RESULTS: Indications were for non-complicated acute diverticulitis (80 percent), acute or chronic complicated diverticulitis (18.05 percent) and bleeding diverticular disease (1.95 percent). The conversion rate was 5.85 percent (12 cases). The median operative time was 180 (100-420) min with a hospital stay of 7 (5-44) days. The mean length of the resected specimen was 29.12 (+8.2) cm. Most cases (88.3 percent) had an unremarkable postoperative course but complications occurred in 24 (11.7 percent) patients. In order of frequency, these were: paralytic ileus (n=6), pelvic collections (n=4), bowel obstructions (n=4) and fistulas (n=2), among others. A re-operation was necessary in eight cases and there was one death (0.48 percent). Median follow-up was 26.5 (1-156) months with a satisfying result seen in 179 (87.32 percent) of the patients. In 18 (8.78 percent) cases, persistent symptoms of functional colonic disorders were noted. There were 7 (3.41 percent)...

Ressecção videolaparoscópica de hemangiopericitoma do estômago / Laparoscopic resection for hemangiopericytoma of the stomach

In the present case (77 years-old woman), the diagnosis on an extramucosal lesion by endosonography was leiomyoma or schwanoma. Radiological exam of the upper digestive tract with barium and abdominal computed tomography confirmed the site of the lesion at the level of the lesser curvature. The operative technique followed the steps of the laparoscopic partial gastric resection (wedge resection) for gastric mesenchymal tumours, described elsewhere. The Endo-GIA stapler was introduced through the 12mm port in the right upper quadrant. proper positioning of the stapler over the lesser curvature and a satisfactory margin of tissue around the mass were attained. Nine sequential firings of the Endo-GIA 30 were needed to completely surround the mass. Histopathological diagnosis was a spindlecell tumour measuring 3cm in diameter. Mitotic index was measured at almost null. The neoplastic cells were strongly reactive for vimentine and CD34 and negative for the immunohistochemical markers S-100 protein, muscle actin, desmin and Ag linked to VIII factor. There was a slight reaction with keratin (+/+++). The XIIIA factor reaction revealed less than 5 por cento of dendritic elements. These data favour a vascular cell origin better than smooth muscle cell origin. In conclusion it was a gastric hemangiopericytoma. Follow-up showed no recurrence at seven years

Ressecção videolaparoscópica de tumor gástrico estromal situado na parede posterior / Laparoscopic resection of gastric stromal tumour located in the posterior wall

This article suggests a procedure for the removal of gastric stromal tumours by way of video-laparoscopic access, based on a case of undetermined stromal tumour and a review of the literature. In the present case (75 years-old woman), the diagnosis of an extramucous lesion at the level of the greater curvature was achieved by endosonography. Removal of the gastric wall segment including the lesion (coupled with at least two centimetres of the adjacent gastric wall) was performed through successive placement of an automatic suture (Endogia) in the stomach around the implantation base of the tumour. intraoperative gastroscopy has proved to be mandatory, to identify the tumour implantation base and to verify the condition of the mucous surface in suture line. Endoscopic-intragastric tumour exeresis should not be performed because it demands enucleation, which is an inadequate technique for resection of extramucous gastric tumours. In posterior-wall neoplasms, the lesser and greater gastric curvature must be partially freed and from the lesser sac, the lesion can be tackled through the gastric wall. This must be preferred through the laparoscopic-transgastric approach. Endoscopic-intragastric tumour exeresis should not be performed because it demands enucleation, which is an inadequate technique

Leiomiomas do esôfago removidos por vídeo-toracoscopia / Videothoracoscopic resection of esophageal leiomyomas

This report describes three cases of esophageal leiomyomas successfully resected by thoracoscopy. Surgical enucleation through minimally invasive surgery is the treatment of choice for esophageal leiomyoma. The conventional approach through a formal thoracotomy has the potential of causing excessive pain and patient discomfort. Moreover, the hospital stay and the recovery period are prolonged. Indications for surgery were based mainly on the size of the mass (< 4cm) and the presence of dysphagia. In one case there was a clear suspicion of malignancy. The tumour was located in the lower thoracic esophagus (case 1), in the middle thoracic esophagus (case 2) and in the upper esophagus (case 3). The CT was useful in identifying the relationship between the lesion and the organs of the mediastinum. The barium swallow study was able to locate the lesion along the esophagus. The endosonography determined the boundaries of the lesions. A right thoracoscopic approach was undertaken. Dissection of the esophagus around its entire perimeter was never necessary because all tumours were anterior or right sided. The tumours were better grasped with a traction suture than with forceps. The hidrodissection was very helpful. The water-soluble contrast swallow, performed on the fourth postoperative day, was normal. Clinical results were satisfactory in all patients. Biopsies should never be performed when the mucosa overlying is normal

Leiomioma do esôfago removido por videolaparoscopia / Leiomyoma of the lower esophagus treated by videolaparoscopy

This report describes a leiomyoma of the inferior third section of the esophagus removed during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The patient is a woman 55-years-age, carrying esophageal myoma of 40 mm in diameter wide, situated in the posterior wall of the lower esophagus. Indications for surgery were based mainly on the growth of the mass (6 mm when discovered 7 years previously, increased to 40 mm). Recently the patient returned suffering from pain, which could be attributed to his litiasic cholecystopaty. A small degree of low disphagia could also be observed. Radiologic imaging, direct endoscopic examination and endoscopic ultrasound showed that the mioma protruded on to the oesophagic lumen, discreetly diminishing there. A laparoscopic esophageal myomectomy was indicated at the same session of the laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Once the pneumoperitoneum was installed, five ports were placed as if for a hiatus hernia surgery. The cholecystectomy was uneventful. Next, an esophagoscopy was performed so as to determine the precise area covering the base of the tumour, at the right-lateral site. Longitudinal and circular fibres of the esophagus was severed over the lesion and the enucleation of the tumour was performed alternating the monopolar dissection, bipolar and hidrodisection. Control-endoscopy was carried out to verify mucosa integrity. Four suture points with poliglactine 3-0 string so as to close the musculature followed this. One suture was placed in for diminution of the size of the esophagean hiatus. Total time of intervention: two hours (30m for the cholecystectomy and one hour and thirty minutes for the myomectomy). Postoperative period: uneventful. Disappearance of the disphagia was observed. Radiologic transit control with water-soluble contrast at 4th post-operative day: good passage. Diagnosis from laboratory of pathology: conjunctive tumour formed by muscle non-striated cells: leiomyoma. The patient was re-examined on the two-month postoperative follow-up. General conditions were good and there were no complain of dysphagia. Neither there were any symptoms of gastro-esophageal reflux